the use of reason in understanding such things as the nature of the real world and existence, the use and limits of knowledge, and the principles of moral judgment

René Descartes is regarded as the founder of modern philosophy. 勒内•揓卡尔被视为现代哲学的奠基人。

a group of theories and ideas related to the understanding of a particular subject

the philosophy of education/religion/science 教育／宗教／科学基本原理

He wrote several books on the philosophy of language.

She was passionate about the philosophy of literature and first came to this university to further her studies in this area.

He is a professor of the philosophy of science.

I took a fascinating course on the philosophy of music.

a particular system of beliefs, values, and principles

the Ancient Greek philosophy of Stoicism 古希腊斯多葛哲学体系

the way that someone thinks about life and deals with it

Live now, pay later - that's my philosophy of life! 现在享受，以后还钱——这是我的人生哲学。